Assessing Benefits of Nature Based Solutions (NBS):
Urban Tree Cover Impacts on Heat-Related Mortality
We have demonstrated expertise in assessing benefits of Nature Based Solutions (NBS). Our focus in the past has been in the context of urban tree cover impacts on heat-related mortality. Similar methods can be applied to other NBS.
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In a study with US Forest Service partners, we developed a new process-based model for quantifying and valuing reductions in extreme heat fatalities because of increases in urban tree cover. We applied this to Baltimore City, Maryland and to ten other cities across the United States, investigating variations in results for different conditions.
Ecosystems Perspective
Tree cover in urban areas provides a myriad of ecosystem services such as runoff reduction, aesthetic improvements, and noise reduction. Benefits through reduced temperature include building energy savings and associated emissions. Reductions in extreme heat also yields non-market health benefits. A comprehensive assessment of ecosystem services can support urban forest management and planning.
Climate Perspective
Heat-related mortality is one of the leading causes of weather-related deaths across the world. These impacts are projected to worsen due to changing climate and aging populations. There is growing evidence that tree cover can help reduce air temperature and heat-related mortality. Systematic models and tools can inform targeted NBS to address public health and environmental justice issues.
Economics Perspective
Quantifying and valuing ecosystem services provides monetary benefits of conservation/tree planting. Benefits can be compared with costs to support efficient decision-making. For example, results help identify where tree planting may be effective as a climate adaption strategy. Non-market benefits such as reduced fatalities allow for a more complete accounting of benefits than building energy savings alone.
